The "dangerous predator worm" commonly found in Texas soil is the hammerhead flatworm (Bipalium kewense), an invasive species that poses a threat to native earthworm populations. It is also mildly toxic to humans and pets.
Threat to the ecosystem
- Feeds on earthworms: Hammerhead flatworms are known to hunt and eat beneficial earthworms, which are crucial for maintaining healthy soil by aerating it and breaking down organic material.
- No natural predators: As an invasive species native to Southeast Asia, hammerhead flatworms have no natural enemies in the U.S. and can reproduce rapidly, causing them to overpopulate.
Danger to humans and pets
The primary danger from hammerhead flatworms is not an attack, as they do not bite or sting. Instead, the risk comes from a potent toxin they secrete through their skin.
- Toxin: The worm produces a paralyzing neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin, the same substance found in pufferfish, to subdue its prey.
- Skin irritation: Direct contact with this toxin can cause skin irritation in humans. You should always use gloves or a tool to handle them.
- Harmful to pets: Pets can become sick if they lick or eat a hammerhead flatworm. Symptoms can include nausea and vomiting.
Why you shouldn't cut them
A common mistake is to kill these worms by chopping them up. This does not work and can worsen the infestation.
- Regeneration: Hammerhead flatworms are known for their ability to reproduce asexually through fragmentation. If you cut the worm into pieces, each segment can regenerate into a new, fully developed worm within 10 days.
How to get rid of them
To properly and safely kill a hammerhead flatworm, use one of the following methods:
- Salt and vinegar: Place the worm in a sealed container or plastic bag with a mixture of salt and vinegar to dissolve it.
- Freezer method: Put the worm in a sealed plastic bag and freeze it for at least 48 hours before disposal.
- Citrus oil or rubbing alcohol: Place the worm in a jar with either citrus oil or rubbing alcohol.
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