Consociationalism Notes

This post is a work in progress.
These are notes for future reference as I formulate my thoughts.
From Hootsbuddy's Place, my old blog about twenty years ago...

(My own interest in the politics of the region began nearly a year and a half ago when I came across the word consociational in a post about Lebanon. I thought it was a typo, but learned upon investigation that it is descriptive of a hybrid strain of representative democracy which institutionalizes the interests of selected minority interests in the form of protected parliamentary seats. It seems to be a built-in safeguard against tyranny of the majority, but at the same time places a kind of cog in the gears that can hamper progress. I'm not a political scientist, but my instinct is that consociationalism is similar to the old county-unit system of the South which allowed rural interests to dominate rural interests in state legislatures until the "one man, one vote" principle was finally implemented by the courts.)

Nima and Laith are in conversation about events unfolding 

in Lebanon even as I'm crafting this post.

Laith Marouf: Hezbollah’s OFFICIAL Stance on US-Iran MoU while While Striking Israel back

Laith is reporting from Spain where he has made contact with Catalonian activists who apparently have been traveling to Lebanon in support of the Lebanese resistance to Israel's attacks. When I searched to validate this claim this is what I received...

There are no credible news reports or verified pieces of evidence showing that Catalonian activists are traveling to Lebanon to militarily join forces with the Palestinian armed resistance against Israel.

The political mobilization originating from Catalonia, Spain, regarding the conflict remains strictly focused on humanitarian aid, civil disobedience, and political protests.

Active Mobilization in Catalonia

Recent activities involving pro-Palestinian activists from Catalonia include:

• Civilian Maritime Flotillas: Activists from Catalonia actively participate in civilian-led aid initiatives. For instance, several Catalan activists were recently detained and subsequently deported by Israeli authorities after participating in the ⁠Global Sumud Flotilla, a civilian-led humanitarian mission aimed at challenging restrictions on aid access to Gaza. [1, 2, 3]
• Local Strikes and Public Protests: Trade unions and activist networks in Barcelona frequently organize general strikes and large-scale street demonstrations. These protests pressure the Spanish government and the European Union to implement arms embargoes and sever commercial ties with Israel. [1, 2, 3]
• Targeting Corporate Entities: Activist campaigns within Catalonia primarily center on domestic actions, such as camp protests targeting companies like ⁠Israel Chemicals Ltd. (ICL) over localized environmental impacts and allegations tied to military supply chains. [1, 2]

Claims suggesting that these civilian activists are converting into active combatants or traveling to Lebanon for paramilitary deployment are unsubstantiated.

It seems clear to me that Laith's report of Catalonian activists joining the Lebanese resistance is totally credible. 

Laith's mention of Catalonia rang a bell with me because as a music student long ago I had a chance to learn about Pablo Casals and see him in person when he came to FSU to conduct a one-time production of El Pessebre performed by the combined music department.
I learned at the time about his never-ending political activism supporting Catalonian separatism from Spain which led him to stop personally performing in America as a way to express his opposition which has never found political supported here. 
Once again, here is the AI search result...

Pablo Casals (born Pau Casals i Defilló) is widely considered one of the greatest cellists of all time, but his legacy is equally defined by his unwavering resistance against fascism and his devotion to his native Catalan culture. A passionate defender of the Second Spanish Republic, Casals utilized his musical prominence to aid the Catalonian and Spanish resistance during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), performing during bombardments and raising funds for refugees. When General Francisco Franco’s fascist forces, aided by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, defeated the Republican government in 1939, Casals fled into exile across the Pyrenees to the French village of Prades. From there, he began decades of voluntary exile and artistic protest, refusing to return to Spain until democracy was fully restored. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

The story of Casals and the Catalonian resistance encompasses several key facets of his life and activism:

1. The Ban on Catalan Culture

Following the triumph of Francoist forces, Catalonia’s long-standing autonomy was violently stripped away, and its language, flag, and cultural institutions were legally banned. Dictator Franco sought to impose a single, cohesive Spanish national identity. Casals responded by refusing to perform in Germany (in protest of Hitler's anti-Jewish laws) and expanding his boycott to fascist Italy and, eventually, any country that officially recognized the Franco regime. [1, 2, 3, 4]

2. Aid to Spanish Refugees

When over half a million Spanish and Catalan refugees fled Franco’s forces over the Pyrenees in the dead of winter, they were placed in squalid concentration camps in southern France. Casals visited these camps, which he described as "Dante’s Inferno," and spent years writing thousands of letters daily to raise funds to assist these refugees and impoverished children. He transformed Prades, a historically Catalan region in France, into an epicenter for displaced artists and musicians. [1, 2, 3, 4]

3. The "Silenced Cello" and Global Boycotts

After World War II, Casals was deeply pained that the Allied nations, after defeating Hitler and Mussolini, chose to leave Franco in power. In response to this international apathy, Casals made the dramatic decision to retire from public performance, effectively silencing his cello. He declared he would not play publicly as long as his people were oppressed. He only returned to the stage in 1950 for a Bach festival in Prades on the condition that all proceeds would go to a refugee hospital. [1, 2, 3, 4]

4. "El Cant dels Ocells" (The Song of the Birds)

To maintain the spirit of the Catalonian resistance in exile, Casals began ending every concert with his cello arrangement of the traditional Catalan Christmas carol "El cant dels ocells" (The Song of the Birds). The song, an ode to peace and freedom, became a global anthem for Catalan identity and resistance. [1, 2, 3]

5. "I Am a Catalan" Speech

In 1961, Casals made an exception to his boycott of countries recognizing Franco, performing at the White House for U.S. President John F. Kennedy, an act that brought immense global attention to the Spanish dictatorship. Later, in 1971, upon receiving the UN Peace Medal, the 95-year-old Casals delivered his famous "I Am a Catalan" speech to the United Nations General Assembly. In it, he declared: [1, 2, 3]

"I am a Catalan. Today I am a Catalan but I have always been one. Catalonia has always been the greatest nation in the world... Catalonia had the first United Nations in the 11th century." [1, 2]

6. Legacy and Return to Democracy

Casals spent his final years in Puerto Rico (where his mother was born) but remained entirely dedicated to his homeland's liberation. He passed away in 1973, two years before Franco’s death, which eventually paved the way for Spain's transition to a democratic constitutional monarchy. In recognition of his enduring moral leadership, the Catalan government posthumously awarded him its highest honor, the Gold Medal of the Generalitat of Catalonia, in 1979. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]