National payment systems

 National payment systems are established by central banks or governments to ensure payment sovereignty, lower costs, and reduce reliance on Western-dominated networks like SWIFT. [1]

🇧🇷 Brazil

• Pix: Created by the Central Bank of Brazil, it is a highly successful instant bank transfer network utilizing QR codes and phone numbers.
• Elo: A prominent domestic card network supporting credit and debit transactions. [1, 2, 3]

🇨🇳 China

• CIPS (Cross-Border Interbank Payment System): Offers clearing and settlement services for cross-border Renminbi (Yuan) transactions, serving as a direct alternative to SWIFT.
• UnionPay: The massive state-backed domestic and international card scheme.
• Digital Yuan (e-CNY): China's central bank digital currency (CBDC) actively used for pilot programs and domestic retail payments. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

🇷🇺 Russia

• SPFS (System for Transfer of Financial Messages): Developed by the Central Bank of Russia as a SWIFT replacement following international sanctions.
• Mir: The national card payment system managed by the National Payment Card System (NSPK).
• FPS (Faster Payments System): The domestic instant mobile transfer architecture managed by the central bank. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

🌐 Other Major National Systems Around the World

Widely used domestic mobile payment system built around six-digit unique codes. 🛠️ Interoperability Initiatives Driven by geopolitical shifts and the desire to bypass Western networks, the broader BRICS alliance is actively building BRICS Pay. Rather than building one centralized global ledger, this project acts as an open, decentralized payment bridge designed to link these highly sophisticated individual national switches (like Pix, UPI, and CIPS) directly together. [1, 2, 3]